This book is part of the New Oxford World History, an innovative
series that offers readers an informed, lively, and up-to-date
history of the world and its people that represents a signifi cant
change from the “old” world history. Only a few years ago, world
history generally amounted to a history of the West—Europe and the
United States—with small amounts of information from the rest of
the world. Some versions of the “old” world history drew attention to
every part of the world except Europe and the United States. Readers
of that kind of world history could get the impression that somehow
the rest of the world was made up of exotic people who had strange
customs and spoke diffi cult languages. Still another kind of “old” world
history presented the story of areas or peoples of the world by focusing
primarily on the achievements of great civilizations. One learned
of great buildings, infl uential world religions, and mighty rulers but
little of ordinary people or more general economic and social patterns.
Interactions among the world’s peoples were often told from only one
perspective